Ethics and Public Official Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morals and Public Official - Essay Example As indicated by the constitution, accepting a state rule fixes pay and pay rates of an office, the pay rates and remuneration will be connected to and can't be isolated from the workplace. In synopsis, the workplace won't return the advantages or pay of the subsequent office, or essentially declining to acknowledge the pay to abstain from being taken of holding two payment common workplaces. Moreover, the constitution learns that the substance of the administration can't dispense with the advantage or pay to a province official to stay away from the holding issue of a double office. At the point when Lino takes the extra obligations in the Attorney’s office he won't make the infringement in the subsequent office. There is no contention of workplaces if Lino chooses to hold the two workplaces. This is on the grounds that under numerous conditions, an official who implements law isn't taken to be an office for established holding constraints for a double office. Along these line s, it is truly conceivable that Lino can hold the two situations as a County Commissioner and an Assistant District Attorney this is on the grounds that the two workplaces are not arranged as inconsistent. Clashing loyalties confines the individual from holding two workplaces at the same time when their enthusiasm of the two substances strife and appointment of a solitary open office would bargain other office intrigue. The situation of an area official and that of An Assistant District Attorney have no clashing loyalties between them. This is credited to the way that the strategy of destinations of the two workplaces don't struggle in any zone. The similarity regulation between the two positions won't secure the county’s organization trustworthiness through advancement of hindered administrations by the authority. Moreover, as per the law, two positions have issues of clashing devotion when they are open workplaces. Region Commissioner and Assistant District Attorney Position are both open offers. However

Information and Communications Technologies Essay

Data and Communications Technologies - Essay Example The activity additionally requires information on monetary and bookkeeping programming applications, government budgetary guidelines, the capacity to dissect money related information, and get ready budgetary reports, explanations and projections (HR Village 2007). Data and correspondences advancements, ICT, assume an essential job in supporting the exercises of associations. ICT incorporates equipment and programming items; data framework tasks and the board forms; HR and abilities required to utilize ICT for the creation of data; and data framework advancement, the executives and control. Bookkeepers are relied upon to have the necessary degree of fitness to play out the work required. ICT is one of the center abilities expected of bookkeepers, even as gave in the GAAP. ICT is influencing the manner by which associations are organized, overseen and worked. It is changing the nature and financial matters of bookkeeping movement (Skidmore 2002). This paper investigates the creator's very own proficient encounters with ICT in the job of an administration bookkeeper, how the writer's ICT abilities have improved individual execution, and how these improved individual exhibition using ICT has improved the more extensive association's presentation from the point of view of the executives bookkeeping. Utilizing data innovation in my calling My job as the board bookkeeper includes applying the standards of bookkeeping to break down monetary data and get ready money related reports by incorporating data, planning benefit and misfortune articulations, and using suitable bookkeeping control systems (HR Village 2007). To achieve my errands, I utilize a few ICT applications. Standard office applications for word handling, spreadsheets and introduction designs, for example, those gave by Microsoft Office are a portion of the ICT programming that I normally use. MS Word permits me to make proficient looking reports and other correspondence which I can arrange myself or utilize layouts accessible inside the product. I can feature significant content with various textual style and typestyle choices. MS Excel is additionally a vital apparatus since it permits me to make spreadsheets effortlessly. The implicit capacities additionally furnish abilities for computations with a recipe, summing up numeric information, just as making graphical outlines for simpler visual energy about patterns and disseminations. MS PowerPoint is another product I use, particularly for straightforward introductions to the executives or other non-bookkeeper gatherings. I can join content, numbers and even realistic pictures to commute home the focuses I am attempting to make. I likew ise use MS PowerPoint when I arrange bookkeeping staff on bookkeeping strategies and systems. I use SAP bookkeeping programming for to assist me with conveying exact budgetary reports quick, quicken incomes through shorter announcing cycles and receivables, and transform data into compelling execution of business technique so that as the board bookkeeper I can be a vital accomplice to the business (SAP 2008). I additionally use Hyperion Essbase, an online logical preparing server, OLAP, to creating custom diagnostic and endeavor execution the board applications helpful to my capacities as the executives

Legal Grounds for Using Force

Question: Examine the universally perceived lawful bases for the utilization of power, including both standard and settlement laws. What does the United States depend on as power to utilize power in the Global War on Terror? Answer: Presentation Under both ordinary and détente laws, there exist certain quite certain legitimate reason for utilizing power in the relations existing between states. The Charter of the United Nations gives two grounds when a State can utilize power under universal law. These are: Part VII implementation activities under the sponsorship of the UN Security Council; Self-protection in accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter. Article 2(4) of the UN Charter forces a general preclusion on the states from depending on use power. The contract necessitates that all states should sift through their questions in a serene way. It additionally expresses that the countries ought not utilize power or yet the danger of utilization of power against the stubborn sway or the guarded veracity of some other state. This utilization of power prerequisite by and large alludes to an equipped power. However, there are sure special cases to this necessity under Article 2(4). These lawful employments of power are therefore being talked about. UN Enforcement Action: 1. The UN Security Council: Article 24 gives that the individuals from the Security Council have the obligation to endeavor towards keeping up universal harmony and security. Article 25 gives that the individuals should acknowledge and work in understanding to the choices taken by the Security Council (Schweigman, 2001). 2. Section VII of the UN Charter: It manages the moves that will be made when danger to harmony happens or there are episodes of infringement of harmony or demonstrations of hawkishness. The Security Council can mark those goes about as illicit and use power to control them. There are a few game-plans that can be taken by the Security Council in such manner. These are: a. Make proposals according to Article 39; b. Request that the gatherings consent to the arrangements as given in Article 40; c. Take up political and monetary measures according to Article 41; and d. Authorize military measures in understanding to Article 42. 3. In the event that uncommon understandings stay missing between the Member States, constrained activities for implementation can be taken to make sure about the earth (Ruys, 2010). a. Provincial Organization Enforcement Actions: Though associations like the Arab League or the African Union don't have the position to utilize power, yet, they can turn to settling debates in a tranquil manner. They experience comparable ban on utilization of power yet have the ability to sift through and settle questions (Gray, 2000). b. Self Protection: Article 51 of the UN Charter gives that all States will reserve the privilege to practice self preservation if instance of a furnished attack happening against them. Be that as it may, there are two necessities to legitimize such an assault. These are of a sensible need and proportionality which in straightforward terms implies that the power ought to be completely important to sift through the debate and simultaneously, it ought to be in relation to the assault that is presented on them. This self-preservation can be individual, aggregate or expectant. The United States depends on the United Nations Charter and the Humanitarian Law as a power to utilize power in the Global War on Terror (Gazzini and Tsagourias, 2012). References Gazzini, T. also, Tsagourias, N. (2012). The utilization of power in worldwide law. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate. Dim, C. (2000). Worldwide law and the utilization of power. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ruys, T. (2010). Equipped assault and Article 51 of the UN Charter. New York: Cambridge University Press. Schweigman, D. (2001). The authority of the Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.

Book Report Summary Writing Service

Book Report Summary Writing Service Book Report Summary Writing Service For a good grade, a book report summary needs to be well-written. Assignments for book report summaries are common so learning the right way to complete one will make education more enjoyable. The summary for book report work is different from the actual book report, which we will explain. The process for writing book report summaries is not difficult but if you find writing difficult, you could hire a professional academic writer. You may prefer to do the research and writing for the book report summary on your own.   For starters, prepare for the book report summary. Start by researching different books of interest unless the teacher provided the name of the book to use for the book report summary.   This could involve writing about something relatively new such as a Twilight book report summary or a historical piece. Then, read the book or if preferred, listen to an audio version. You then want to capture the basic storyline for the book report summary to include names of primary characters, brief plot description, and book setting.   When done, start writing the book report summary, writing briefly on the lead characters so the plot detailed in the report would make sense.   Introducing the plot would be the next step for the book report summary.   The goal would be to describe at the beginning of the book report summary the story’s conflict and the way in which it affected the main characters. For the next part of the book report summary, review the book, writing down the most important times or scenarios, followed by generalizing them.   As you develop the layout for the book report summary, each of the moments or scenarios would be linked chronologically.   The book report summary would conclude with some type of resolution that would cover the ending of the book.   Now, if the book has an epilogue, that too should be included in the book report summary. Once done, review the book report summary to check for spelling and grammatical errors.   Sometimes, having another person do this or even hiring an editor to look over the book report summary is best in that things can be missed.   After any required changes have been made to the book report summary or book report template, you would print it and turn it in.

The Immigration Policy Institute ( Mpi ) - 1361 Words

What makes someone American isn t just blood or birth but allegiance to our founding principles and faith in the idea that anyone - from anywhere - can write the next chapter of our story. -President Barack Obama. A person who leave its home country to another and settle in, is an Immigrant. An immigrant may strive for a better living by getting a job as an emigrant employer for long term or even for a short period as a foreign worker, and to experience a different culture in another country. Immigration is a crucial issue that the United States had faced for years because it brings impact to the country’s economy, population, workforce and many more. The nation that Immigrants should be legal is a fasacinating one, and one that I†¦show more content†¦(Sewell Chan) Different people from different country brings a different culture to the United States, with its own way of thinking, skills, values and thus, this is how the term â€Å"Melting Pot† came across to the United States, it was defined as a metaphor of a mixture diversity with people from a different kind of ethnicity, backgrounds and cultural. This helps to ease the mythological thinking of the local people and immigrants could bring their culture into the U.S to establish it. Immigrants tend to be eager to find a job, no matter if it’s a small job, to earn a sustainable living or to send money to their families. For example, â€Å"if a Haitian resident arrives in the United States looking to do the same job he performed in his native country, his wage will increase tenfold compared with what he was making back home.† (PAN AM POST JUN 30,2014) The biggest impact that Immigration brought to the United States is the economy. Immigration boosts the economy. This is because the more the immigrants, the more the consumer; the more the consumer, the more people pay sales taxes, loans, insurance and many more, all these boost the country’s economy. Immigrants contribute mightily to the economy, by paying billions in annual taxes, by filling low-wage jobsShow MoreRelatedImmigration Policy Institute ( Mpi ) Immigration2072 Words   |  9 PagesChapter 1: Introduction Background and Justification 　　According to Migration Policy Institute(MPI) immigration is a prominent part of the United States DNA. Among different immigrant groups in the United States it is highly uneven, and the size of the unauthorized population continues to be a powerful barrier to social cohesion, full social economic, and political integration. (Jimenez, 2016) The Research Problem 　　Concerns still exist about immigrants ability to integrate into broader societyRead MoreShould Immigration Be Legal Or Not?2495 Words   |  10 Pages5/25/16 Draft 2 Research Paper Introduction Immigration, whether legal or not, plays a huge role in the well-being of this country, both economically and culturally. The Migration Policy Institute has compiled information on immigrant populations, both legal and unauthorized, which clearly show that immigration is an issue that cannot be overlooked, and is something that we, as a nation, have to deal with together. There are many stances on illegal immigration, which appear in the news and media oftenRead MoreThe Story Of Self By David Chung, By Lucas De Silva And Camila Bortolleto922 Words   |  4 PagesSoto 5) and they are in need of someone to relate to and find support in. These individuals and their stories already have the substance that connects them with one another, the consubstantiality that is needed for identification, which is their immigration status. By sharing stories of individuals who are not the stereotypical undocumented student, United We Dream would be able to connect with a larger audience. It is impor tant to recognize that no two stories are the same, but this is what makesRead MoreSpare Parts, An Inspirational True Story About Four Undocumented High School Students1476 Words   |  6 PagesVazquez is one of the four high school students who was attending the American Forces Career Center to enlist in the United States Army. He got denied due to his immigration status. A sergeant at the AFCC recommended that he should stay away from any government office for his wellbeing so he won’t risk getting caught by the Immigration and Custom Enforcement Agency. Since his dream was shattered he decided to organize an underwater robotics competition that he saw on a television commercial. OscarRead MoreUnited States Immigration Reform : Why The Debate Is At A Standstill?3656 Words   |  15 PagesOwusu Professor Gilmour GOVT 05-06-2015 United States Immigration Reform: Why the debate is at a Standstill â€Å"Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.† –Franklin D. Roosevelt Immigration continues to be is a highly controversial topic in the United States of America. At times it seems that the only common ground that can be found is that the United States immigration system is completely and totally broken. After doingRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States1763 Words   |  8 PagesThe Unites States is founded on immigrants from every part of the world. According to the Migration Policy Institute, the United States attracts the largest number of immigrants in the world (MPI, Webpage). In 2013, the United States has approximately 41.3 million of immigrants, accounting for 13 percent of the overall population (Betalova, 2015). However, not all of the immigrants here in the United States does the right thing, a lot of them come to the country illegally and for a variety of reasonsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTeams 307 Communicati on 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational

Essay on Case Study - 1146 Words

Abstract It is always important to research your interviewee before conducting your interview. The main reason is because you never want to offend anyone nor do you want to be disrespectful without actually meaning it. If you want a good turnout especially in a business setting always see whom your audience is. Some common areas of intercultural misinterpretations are female-male interaction, respectfulness, attire, and language. Keywords: interview, respect, Japan, persuasion, taboos In scenario number two, Margaret Owens is getting ready to conduct interviews in order to find Japanese representatives to help her company market a line of pharmaceuticals in Japan. After having her interview with the Japanese representative she was†¦show more content†¦The case did not specify if the interviewees were all women, all men, or if it was both men and women at the interview. But lets say if all the interviewees were men, Margaret Owens could of research how to conduct her interview before the actual date to ensure that things went smooth. For example it is appropriate to swap business cards (Meishi) when you are meeting them for the very first time. It is also appropriate to make sure that you examine the business card very vigilantly and to memorize their name. Since this was a business interview I am sure the interviewees had business cards to give to Margaret and if they did she probably did not know what to do and may have just accepted but in the disrespec tful way which is putting it into her pocket or not accepting it with both of her hands (Maciamo, n.d.). â€Å"Respect† in this case somewhat goes hand in hand with male and female interaction. Every culture has their own definition of respect and knowing this is very important (Bell, 2010). According to Margaret Owens and most of America, showing eye contact lets others know that you are listening and you are paying attention and really care of what the other person is saying. But according to Margaret Owen’s boss who is Asian, showing eye contact can mean disrespectful andShow MoreRelatedCase Studies : A Case Study Approach Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesA case study is a specific instance that is frequently designed to illustrate a more general principle (Nisbet and Watt, 1984). Hitchock and Hughes (1995) further suggest that the case study approach is particularly valuable when the researcher has little control over evens. Case studies strives to portray ‘what it like’ to be a particular situation, to catch up reality and ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) of participants’ lives experiences of, thoughts about and feelings for a situation. TheyRead MoreCase Study887 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons choose the case 1.2 The Problems The problems of this case are: 1. How would you characterize Lincoln Electric’s strategy? In this context, what is the nature of Lincoln’s business and upon what bases does this company compete? 2. What are the most important elements of Lincoln’s overall approach to organization and control that help explain why this company is so successful? How well do Lincoln’s organization and control mechanismsRead MoreBusiness Case Study : Business Case Studies997 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Business Case Studies How to Write Business Case Studies The objective of this part of the course is to use your case study to help you solve real company problems and to make the learning more relevant to your experience. The Business Case Study you are being asked to start today will provide information for yourself and the class to permit constructive feedback. You will have to use all of your research, writing and analytical skills to write your Company Case Study. You must give enoughRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers orRead MoreCase Studies13817 Words   |  56 PagesCASE STUDY #1 A Job Search Dilemma Eric, a second-semester senior, is looking for a job. Anxious about finding work in the worst economy in decades, he sends out scores of resumes for a wide variety of positions. The first call he gets is for a position that doesnt really interest him, but he figures he should be open to every opportunity. He schedules an interview, which he aces. In fact, the recruiter offers Eric the job on the spot. He would like Eric to start as soon as possible. Should EricRead MoreCase Study 8985 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study 8 Based on the January through June 2010 cash budget, what is the maximum monthly loss during the six-month planning period? What is the maximum cumulative borrowing balance? (For purposes of this question, disregard any interest payments on short-term bank loans or interest received from investing surplus funds.) Maximum monthly loss is in June: -$60,750. The maximum cumulative borrowing balance is $99,000 in February. What does the monthly cash budget reveal that indicatesRead MoreCase Study : The Angel 1089 Words   |  5 Pages Case Study #1 The Angel, 1997 Susan Meeks, an alias, woke to what she thought was the middle of the afternoon. A bright yellowish light was shining through the west window of her travel trailer. An other world being was in the room and was as tall as the ceiling of the trailer. She went to the bathroom where she washed her face with cold water and stayed in there long enough to smoke a cigarette. When she went back to the bedroom the being was still there. The being showed her futureRead MoreThe Case Study Of The Company1468 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of Case Study In the case study by Spector titled, Transferring Innovation Across National Boundaries, (Spector, 2012) company named Minnesota Biolabs (MB) provided laboratories with a quality test for contamination of injectable medications. This test required the use of live rabbits that led to the rabbit’s death after the test. The company was headquartered in Minneapolis, however they were organized with four, somewhat independent, national units in Europe and Japan, each run by aRead MoreLaw of Case Studies1514 Words   |  7 PagesZulfatah Arif SCM-019741 Work Psychology in Communication, Writing and Reporting COM 2153 Mr Haji Adenan Case Studies An Unmotivated Building Inspector Case Study By: Zulfatah Arif 1) Review the motivation theories discussed in this chapter. How would each one describe and explain the problems with Simon Lucas’s motivation? 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Regional Flood Estimation Methods Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Regional Flood Estimation Methods. Answer: Introduction Floods are natural disasters that lead to loss of life and destruction of property (Syngellakis, 2016). They might be caused by heavy downpours, poor drainage, or the type of slopes in the area. Therefore floods pose a lot of danger not only to the community but also to human life. Due to this danger, different regional flood estimation methods have been developed with an aim to better predict the occurrence of floods. Without proper planning and management of floods, it can be a disaster, but if managed well, it can only be a hazard. The public and planning departments in government institutions require reliable and accurate estimates of large floods to promote flood risk management structures and policies (Wohl, 2000, p. 334). In this paper different regional planning methods will be analyzed. This will be done via literature analysis of the understanding of different regional flood estimation methods. Most of the papers analyzed are downloaded from Google scholar and other credible sites and will form the basis for this discussion. All the different regional flood estimation methods will be analyzed for their efficiency, accuracy, and reliability. This study will provide a frame work for understanding flood estimation methods, which can be very useful for developing policies related to floods forecasting and management. Derivation of Methods Used in Regional Flood Estimation The methods for regional flood estimation are divided into three parts: the selection of the area to be studied, developing a technique for indexing of flood values for the catchment chosen (based on the physical characteristics of the catchment), and the development of a regional flood frequency curve (to enable the estimation of the a flood of a set period from index values obtained earlier) (Roy and Mistri, 2013). This systematic approach provides a very good baseline for estimating floods. Region of Influence Approach This method focuses on the collection of data from stations in a well-defined region. This methods is important in enhancing the estimation of at-site quantiles. In this method, a region of influence is identified for all the gauging stations which consist of a given set of gauged stations near the selected station. In order to measure the proximity of each station, a p-dimensional Euclidian distance space in which the attributes are variables related to the identification of the stations which are similar in high flow rates. The model equation for the distance is shown below (Burn, 1990): Djk-- Euclidian distance from site j to k P Attributes used in measuring the distance --standardized values used in the measurement of attribute i, for the site j (Burn, 1990). The value of the distance from the equation above gives a measure of how each station is close to each other (Burn, 1990). Next, is to identify the region of influence, by choosing a threshold value that acts as a cut-off point for the distance measures (Burn, 1990). All the stations whose distance is more than the threshold value are eliminated from the region of influence. In this method, conventional regionalization techniques are used to select for the choice of the cut-off value. Another method of identifying the threshold value is to correlate the candidate station with the sites near the cutoff value (Burn, 1990). This makes sure that the stations selected are representative stations for the region of influence. A weighting function is used to show the relative significance of each of the gauging stations in the region of influence in relation to the at-site extreme flows. This function is depicted by the equation below (Burn, 1990): Where: WFjk --weighting for station k in the region of influence for site j THL-- parameter n is a constant When the region of influence has been determined for each site, it is now possible to predict the extreme flow rates at each site in relation to all the information from the other stations that are in the same region of influence. This gives a better representation of the flow rates, and enhance flood estimation in that given region (BURN, 1990). This method has been touted to be very efficient in regional flood estimation. It is not only efficient but also provide very accurate flood forecast. The method is also very flexible since it allows the inclusion of information from surrounding stations in the same region of influence. The method is also very versatile in that it can be combined with other different extreme flow rates estimators to provide better results. This is because it is easy to vary the threshold distance for the region of influence and the attributes to be used in the measurement of similarity for the stations to be added in the region of influence, and the weighting function used for reflecting the importance of all the stations in the region (Tasker et al., 1996). Canonical Correlation Analysis Another method for regional flood estimation is the use of canonical correlation analysis. This method has not been widely used but is slowly gaining popularity in the field of hydrology (Ouarda et al., 2001). When two sets of variables are represented by flood peaks and watershed characteristics, their correlation structures can be investigated using canonical correlation analysis. This method is very important in multivariate statistics since it provides a framework for factorial discriminant analysis correspondent analysis and multivariate analysis. It provides a method to establish the interaction between two groups of variables, through the identification of linear combinations between the first group and the second group. The first attempt to use CCA in hydrology was made by Wong (1963) and Snyder (9162). Other contributors were, Wallis (1967), Matalas and Reiher (9167). Torranin attempted to apply the method of CCA in 1972 in coastal monthly precipitation forecasts. This shows that this method has a long history in the application of regional flood forecasting. In 1990 Cavadias initiated the use of CCA in the estimation of maximum annual flood distribution in Canada. This was a pioneering work that ushered the use of CCN in regional flood estimation. In a hydrological system, flood statistics and catchment attributes are related by a multiple regression models. This multiple regression model has residuals that are interpolated spatially using a kriging method, which is used to minimize biases. In 2004, Ouarda and Chokmani came up with a kriging procedure method in a physiographical space, which was a multidimensional space defined by the catchment characteristics. Then they constructed a physiographical space that represented the distance between catchments based on their similaritythis was based on their catchment attributes (Schumann, 2011, p. 110). This enabled them to map hydrological catchment areas based on their characteristics for regional flood estimation methods. According to Kumar and Chatterjee, (2006), CCA can be very useful in finding homogenous zones or sub regions in the hydrological systems for reliable, and accurate regional flood estimationit is efficient, accurate, and saves a lot of time. Even as this method is advantageous it assumes similarity of hydrological basins, which naturally is not the case, most hydrological basins are not similar (Beran et al., 1990, p. 171). This might introduce an error in the method, which might lead to inaccurate results. Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Regional flood frequency analysis was developed by Smith in 1989. This method was based on a model that related to large quintiles, which is modeled by a Pareto distribution; that is generalized. In 1991, Arnell and Gabrielle developed this method further by incorporating two components: generalized extreme value and extreme value distributions. They were able to show that when a large region is divided into sub-regions more precise estimates can be achieved. Subsequently, Farquharson et al. in 1992 used the regional frequency curves through a GEV distribution, to map 162 stations in Africa. This shows the power of the method for regional flood estimation (Hamed and Rao, 1999, p. 60). More so, it is used to estimate the expected flood quantile of magnitude Qt at a given project location. The return period T is used to estimate the rarity of the flooding event. This method also allows for the forecast of flood quantile estimates in a given site; in relation to the flood data recorded in other gauging sites found in the same hydrological region (Cunnane, 1988). That is, if one of the sites does not have flood data, it can be estimated using other stations in the neighborhood. Some Regional flood frequency analysis assume that a given region is homogenous: that all the gauging stations' characteristics are homogeneous. This allows for estimation of flood volumes using other stations. One of this methods is the index flood method. This homogeneity allows for highly accurate estimates that are even more accurate compared to at-site estimation. Other methods of regional flood frequency analysis do not require homogeneity of the stations. Some of this methods are the joint multivariate estimation method and Bayesian method. However, even though homogeneity is not required in this methods, it increases the accuracy of the estimates. This method mostly relies on regional regression models to estimate quantiles using physiographic basin characteristics. However, according to Wohl, 2000 (p. 334) the reliance of hydrographs for this regression models poses serious challenges since the distribution of the critical inflows and critical duration is not clear. This ambiguity puts into question the accuracy and reliability of the method. Use of GIS and Remote Sensing Technology in Regional Flood Estimation Most of the conventional means used for flood monitoring and estimation, fail to record or estimate extreme flooding events (Sanyal and Lu, 2004). However, remote sensing techniques in collaboration with geographical information systems (GIS) have the capability to monitor this extreme events. This makes them be a better method for regional flood estimation than all the other methods discussed above. According to Dzurik and Theriaque, (1996, p. 257) most wetlands cover large areas that are not accessible via conventional means, which makes GIS and remote sensing to be a very good tool for flood forecasting in this areas. This remote sensing techniques cover large areas, even the inaccessible areas, and in collaboration with GIS makes a very good tool for data flood analysis in the watersheds. GIS tool used in this case provides a digital representation of the watershed characteristics, which can be used in hydrological modeling. Some of the characteristics of the watershed represented by GIS are natural ground cover, imperviousness, stream networks, and the delineation of the watershed (Dzurik and Theriaque, 1996, p. 257). These components when incorporated into the GIS tool can be used in flood forecasting and floodplain management. Soil moisture data collected by GIS and remote sensing techniques can also be useful in flood estimation model(Lijiao Lou et al., 2014, p. 82). Even in as much as this method is advantageous, high-level training is required for the use of GIS and remote sensing (Dijk and Bos, 2013, p. 36). This makes it not to be accessible to most people. Also, the process is time-consuming and requires a lot of resources; this makes it an expensive endeavor compared to other methods discussed above. Since the methods rely on satellite imageries, it is also susceptible to atmospheric weather conditions such as cloudiness, and the methods for removing such are also time-consuming (Wallis J.R, 1988, p. 171). Overall, given the availability of resources, it can be a very reliable method that would produce accurate results for even inaccessible areas. Conclusion All the methods mentioned are reliable; however, it depends on how they are employed and used. Overall, this literature review was able to establish that GIS and remote sensing was more reliable when large areas are to be considered, while canonical correlation analysis was least used of the methods. References Beran, M., Water, I.I.C, 1990. Regionalization in hydrology. International Association of Hydrological Sciences. BURN, D.H., 1990. An appraisal of the region of influence approach to flood frequency analysis. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 35(2), pp.149165. Cunnane, C., 1988. Methods and merits of regional flood frequency analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 100(1), pp.269290. Dijk, A. van and Bos, M.G., 2013. GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in Land- and Water-management. Springer Science Business Media. Dzurik, A.A. and Theriaque, D.A., 1996. Water Resources Planning. Rowman Littlefield. Hamed, K. and Rao, A.R., 1999. Flood Frequency Analysis. CRC Press. Kumar, R. and Chatterjee, C., 2006. Closure to Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Using L-Moments for North Brahmaputra Region of India by Rakesh Kumar and Chandranath Chatterjee. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 11(4), pp.380382. Lijiao Lou, Baojiang Liu, and Mengjie Jin, 2014. 2014 International Conference on Information GIS and Resource Management. DEStech Publications, Inc. Available from: https://books.google.co.ke/books? Ouarda, T.B.M.J., Girard, C., Cavadias, G.S., and Bobe, B., 2001. Regional flood frequency estimation with canonical correlation analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 254(1), pp.157173. 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